数据库管理员

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Related roles: Database Administration Manager, Database Administrator (DBA), Database Analyst, Database Coordinator, Database Engineer, Database Manager, Development and Database Administration Manager, Information Systems Administrator, Systems Administrator
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问题解决者
计算机和信息技术
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类似标题

Database Administration Manager, Database Administrator (DBA), Database Analyst, Database Coordinator, Database Engineer, Database Manager, Development and Database Administration Manager, Information Systems Administrator, Systems Administrator 

工作描述

Every second, real-world information is transformed into digital form, with over 2.5 quintillion bytes of digital data generated daily in the U.S. alone.

To put it in perspective, that’s the equivalent of ~6.25 trillion average-length books created every day!

With so much data being generated and moved around, organizations require sophisticated databases to capture and structure the information they need. That’s where Database Administrators (DBAs) come in!

They make, use, and monitor database management systems to keep data organized, secure, and usable. They also ensure backup and recovery strategies in the event of database crashes or corruption due to hardware failures, software bugs, power outages, human errors, or malware attacks.

Without DBAs, most modern organizations would find it impossible to keep up with the endless stream of data they rely on for their operations!

Here are several common types of DBAs and their specific focus areas, though there’s often a lot of overlap:

  • Systems DBA - Focuses on installation, configuration, and maintenance of systems.
  • Application DBA - Manages app-specific databases. Works with developers to optimize performance.
  • Development DBA - Works with developers to design and implement database solutions during the development phase.
  • Production DBA - Manages live databases, ensuring availability, security, and data recovery in production environments.
  • Data Warehouse DBA - Manages large-scale data warehouses for reporting and analysis.
  • Cloud DBA - Manages databases hosted in cloud environments.
  • Security DBA - Ensures databases are secure.
  • Backup and Recovery DBA - Ensures databases are backed up and recovery procedures are in place.
  • Performance Tuning DBA - Optimizes queries, indexes, and structure.
  • Database Architect - Designs structures for large-scale systems.
职业生涯的回报
  • Ensuring the integrity and security of critical data
  • Playing a key role in data-driven decision-making processes
  • Opportunities to work with new technologies and methodologies
  • Collaborating with teams across different departments
工资中位数
$101,510
标题
2023 年就业
80,500
2034 年预计就业人数
87,100
内幕消息
工作职责

工作日程

Database Administrators work full-time, with the potential for overtime during system upgrades, maintenance, or emergency troubleshooting.

典型职责

  • Assess the employer’s system requirements and plan a suitable database architecture.
  • Install and configure database software and supporting hardware. Collaborate with system administrators to ensure compatibility.
  • Set up initial database structures, schemas, and tables. Coordinate with developers, as needed.
  • Establish data encryption and security protocols. Configure user roles and access permissions for database security.
  • Develop and implement database backup and recovery strategies. Create and schedule backups.
  • Conduct initial database performance tuning and optimization. Monitor and analyze system performance metrics.
  • Optimize database queries for efficiency and speed. Implement indexing strategies to enhance retrieval performance.
  • Troubleshoot and resolve database errors and system issues.
  • Perform regular maintenance tasks like defragmentation.
  • Plan and implement updates, patches, and data migrations. Let impacted workers know in advance so they can plan around any outages.
  • Manage database storage capacities.
  • Conduct system audits to ensure data integrity and security.

其他职责

  • Maintain documentation on database configurations and procedures.
  • Ensure compliance with data protection regulations.
  • Create and enforce database use policies and procedures. Provide user support and training.
  • Review and enhance database security protocols periodically.
  • Analyze and resolve any bottlenecks or slow queries.
  • Test backup and recovery plans to ensure reliability during emergencies.
  • Stay updated on new database technologies, tools, and best practices.
  • Provide ongoing support for database-related projects and development.
工作中需要的技能

软技能

  • 分析性思维
  • 注重细节
  • 沟通技巧
  • 组织机构
  • 解决问题
  • 团队合作
  • 时间管理

技术技能

DBAs need to be familiar with the following:

不同类型的组织
  • 公司
  • 教育机构
  • Financial institutions
  • 政府和军事机构
  • Healthcare providers
  • 制造业公司
  • 零售企业
  • 技术公司
期望与牺牲

Database Administrators are the gatekeepers of data security and integrity, responsible for making sure critical information is accessible, reliable, and safe. The role demands sharp attention to detail. Even small mistakes can trigger big problems, like data breaches or major system outages.

DBAs may juggle tight deadlines and are often on-call for emergencies. Expect long hours, especially during system upgrades or when troubleshooting major issues. It’s not always glamorous, but it’s essential work because DBAs are the key to keeping organizations running smoothly and efficiently! 

当前趋势

Database administration is rapidly evolving, with AI and automation taking over routine tasks such as backups, performance tuning, and error detection. This frees up DBAs to focus on strategic initiatives, such as optimizing database architecture and supporting business intelligence efforts​.

Cloud-based databases continue to grow in popularity thanks to their scalability and cost-effectiveness. Many organizations are adopting hybrid data management, where both on-premises and cloud databases are integrated.

Data security is more critical than ever, especially with the rise of end-to-end encryption and compliance requirements like GDPR. DBAs play a pivotal role in implementing strong access controls, encryption, and real-time threat detection systems.

Meanwhile, as the demand for handling big data and analytics skyrockets, DBAs are tasked with managing vast, distributed databases and using technologies like AI-enhanced query performance and real-time analytics to process data efficiently. This trend is especially relevant with the growth of IoT and edge computing.

从事这一职业的人在年轻时喜欢做什么样的事情...

Database Administrators often have a strong interest in technology and problem-solving. They may have enjoyed working with computers, playing strategy games, or engaging in activities that require logical thinking and attention to detail.

需要的教育和培训
  • Database Administrators typically need a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, or a related field.
  • They should have specific expertise in topics such as:
  1. Data structures and algorithms
  2. Database design and modeling
  3. Database management systems analysis and design
  4. SQL and query optimization
  5. Relational databases
  6. Database backup and recovery
  7. Data and information security
  8. Scripting and automation
  9. Data migration and integration
  10. NoSQL databases
  11. Cloud database services and distributed databases
  12. California Consumer Privacy Act and General Data Protection Regulation
  • Depending on the industry, DBAs may need expertise in managing financial data, healthcare data, or e-commerce data.
  • Certifications can enhance job prospects and demonstrate expertise. Common certifications include:
  1. Adobe Systems Incorporated

                    🗸 Experience Manager Architect

                    🗸 Campaign Classic Architect Master Certification

  1. Amazon.com Web Services

                    🗸 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate

                    🗸 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer

  1. Avaya Learning - Avaya Solutions Administrator Certificate
  2. BMC Software - Certified Professional BMC Discovery 11.x
  3. Broadcom

                   🗸 Administration of Symantec Data Loss Prevention 15

                   🗸 Administration of Symantec CloudSOC - v2

                   🗸 Certified Internet Web Professionals

                   🗸 Database Design Specialist

  1. Cisco Systems

                   🗸 Cisco and NetApp FlexPod Implementation and Administration Specialist

                   🗸 CCNA Certification

  1. Cloud Credential Council

                   🗸 Big Data Foundation Certification

                   🗸 Professional Cloud Security Manager Certification

                   🗸 Cloud Technology Associate Certification

  1. Dell Corporation

                  🗸 Specialist - Implementation Engineer, Dell EMC Unity Solutions Version 1.0

                  🗸 Specialist - Systems Administrator, Avamar Version 8.0

  1. 环境系统研究所

                  🗸 Enterprise Administration Associate 10.5

                  🗸 Enterprise Geodata Management - Associate 10.5

  1. Hewlett Packard

                 🗸 ASE - ArcSight Logger V1

                 🗸 ASE - Storage Solutions V4

  1. IBM

                 🗸 Certified Database Administrator - DB2 11 DBA for z/OS

                 🗸 Certified Database Associate - DB2 11.1 Fundamentals for LUW

  1.  微软

                 🗸 MCSA: SQL Server 2012/2014

                 🗸 Microsoft Certified: Azure Data Fundamentals

                 🗸 Microsoft Certified: Azure Database Administrator Associate

                 🗸 Microsoft Office Specialist: Microsoft Access 2016

                 🗸 Microsoft Certified - Azure DevOps Engineer Expert

  1. 蒙哥马利大学

                 🗸 Certified Developer, Associate

                 🗸 Certified DBA Associate

  1. Network Appliance - Certified Storage Associate - Hybrid Cloud
  2. Oracle Corporation

                 🗸 Oracle Database 12c Administration

                 🗸 Oracle Database 12c Essentials

                 🗸 MySQL 5.7 Database Administrator

                 🗸 Oracle Database Foundations

  1. PostgreSQL Global Development Group - PostgreSQL Certified Associate
  2. Red Hat - Certified System Administrator
  3. Salesforce - Certified Administrator
  4. SAP America - Certified Application Associate - SAP Master Data Governance
  5. SAS Institute - Certified Data Integration Developer for SAS 9
  6. Snowflake - SnowPro Core Certification
  • A master’s degree is not typically required but can be beneficial for managing complex databases or for specialized industries. It can also help with career advancement into roles like Data Architect, Database Manager, or Chief Data Officer!
在大学中需要寻找的东西
  • There are many tools and skills to learn to master database administration. Look for programs that feature as many applicable courses as possible and make sure the institution is fully accredited.
  • Consider the cost of tuition, the availability of scholarships, and the school's reputation in computer science and IT.
  • Check out the faculty, facilities, research areas, and funding. 
    Examine the program’s post-graduation job placement rates and alumni accomplishments.
  • Review the school’s career services or other job-seeking assistance. 
高中和大学里的事情
  • Learn about the different sectors that DBAs work in and the various specialized requirements needed.
  • Before looking for a DBA job, look at job posts on Indeed and other job portals. Read the required and preferred skills and qualifications for the types of jobs you want.
  • Look for ways to practice skills before college. Volunteer to help manage databases at school or local organizations.
  • When you have some marketable skills, try freelancing to gain hands-on, paid experience.
  • Look for part-time jobs and internship or apprenticeship opportunities.
  • Sign up for IT-related clubs to grow your network and socialize with others who share your interests.
  • Find a working DBA who could teach you some tricks or mentor you.
  • Participate in discussions on Quora, Reddit, and other spaces.
  • Build a portfolio of projects that demonstrate your skills.
  • Stay current with industry trends by reading books and articles (like the ones on Database Journal) and watching tutorials.
典型线路图
Database Administrator Roadmap
如何找到你的第一份工作
  • Scour job portals like Indeed, Monster, USAJobs, ZipRecruiter, LinkedIn, Velvet Jobs, and Glassdoor
  • Tell your network you’re job-seeking. Ask them to contact you with any good leads.
  • Ask your school’s department or career center for info about job fairs, recruiting events, internships, apprenticeships, and other assistance such as resume writing and interviewing practice.
  • Pay close attention to the required experience and skills listed in job postings.
  • Focus your energies on jobs you’re highly qualified for, and tailor your resume to each specific job you apply to.
  • Check out Database Administrator resume examples. Be sure to use suitable resume keywords, like:
  1. Backup and Recovery
  2. Cloud Databases
  3. Database Management
  4. Database Migration
  5. Database Monitoring
  6. Data Security
  7. Disaster Recovery
  8. High Availability
  9. Performance Tuning
  10. SQL Optimization
  • Seek advice from working DBAs for job-seeking tips and networking opportunities.
  • Research the companies or organizations that call you for an interview. Brush up on their mission, vision, and values so you can speak to how you’ll fit into the workplace culture.
  • Do some mock interviews with a friend and practice answering common interview questions, such as “Can you describe a time when you had to troubleshoot a significant database performance issue?” or “How do you ensure data security in a database environment, and what measures do you implement to prevent unauthorized access or data breaches?”
如何爬梯子
  • Speak with your supervisor and management about ways to move up when the time is right.
  • Demonstrate loyalty and a commitment to earning promotions through hard work.
  • Ask which additional courses you could take or certifications you could earn to benefit the organization, such as Oracle Database 12c Administrator Certified Master Certification or Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert.
  • Train and mentor other database team members.
  • Stay updated with the latest database technologies and advancements by reading books and blogs, watching videos, and engaging with professional organizations like the Data Management Association International.
  • Volunteer to tackle challenging projects that demonstrate your expertise and leadership.
  • Maintain high standards of data security and integrity!
  • Network with industry professionals by attending conferences, workshops, or seminars related to database technologies and management.
  • Pursue leadership development programs that focus on managing IT teams, budgets, and projects.
  • Develop communication skills to explain technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders and managers.
  • Seek feedback regularly from supervisors and colleagues to improve your skills and align your career progression with company goals.
  • Consider relocating or switching employers if needed to achieve your career goals.
  1. The states with the highest employment levels for Database Administrators are California, Texas, Virginia, Florida, and New York. In terms of job concentration and location quotients, Delaware, Virginia, Kansas, Alabama, and the District of Columbia are in the lead.
推荐的工具/资源

网站

书籍

  • Database Design for Mere Mortals, by Michael Hernandez
  • Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, by Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris
  • Oracle Database 12c The Complete Reference, by Bob Bryla and Kevin Loney
B计划

Many of the tech skills used by Database Administrators can apply to other IT careers, so if you're curious about additional options, check out our list below!

  • 后端开发员
  • Blockchain Engineer
  • Business Intelligence Analyst
  • Cloud Architect
  • 计算机和信息系统经理
  • Computer Network Manager
  • 计算机程序员
  • 计算机支持专家
  • Computer Systems Administrator
  • 网络安全分析员
  • 数据分析师
  • Database Warehouse Specialist
  • 前端开发员
  • 全栈式开发人员
  • 信息安全分析师
  • IT Project Manager
  • 市场研究分析员
  • Network Administrator
  • 运营研究分析员
  • 软件开发人员
  • 系统管理员
  • 网络开发员
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